When it’s too hot, I can’t focus. I feel tired and restless, and I just want to go home. – This is the reality that many young people are facing.
As Uganda grapples with the worsening impacts of climate change, one of the most pressing yet overlooked consequences is the effect of heat waves on mental health, particularly among students.
With rising temperatures becoming a common reality, it is crucial to explore how these extreme weather events not only affect physical wellbeing but also significantly impact the mental health of the younger population. In this article I want to delve into the mental health ramifications of heat waves on students in Ugandan schools, highlighting the urgency for collective action to combat the environmental crisis.
You will agree with me; the Rising Heat is Climate Crisis indicator. Recent years and this month of February 2025 have seen Uganda experience an increase in the frequency and intensity of heat waves, with temperatures soaring above 30°C in many regions. According to the Uganda National Meteorological Authority, the average temperature in Uganda has risen by about 1.5°C over the past few decades, with projections indicating that this trend will continue (Uganda National Meteorological Authority, 2020).
The direct effects of heat waves, such as dehydration and heat exhaustion, are well-documented. However, the indirect effects on mental health are less understood and often ignored. My interactions with environmental enthusiastic Laudato Youth and my students show that afternoon classes are not easy now days. Several other researchers indicates that extreme heat can exacerbate stress, anxiety, and other mental health disorders.
A study published in the Journal of Environmental Psychology found that elevated temperatures can lead to increased irritability and decreased cognitive functioning, both of which are particularly concerning for students who are navigating academic pressures (Gonzalez et al., 2018).
In a recent case study conducted in various Ugandan schools, students reported heightened levels of anxiety and stress during periods of extreme heat. Interviews with students revealed that the discomfort caused by high temperatures made it difficult to concentrate in class, leading to declines in academic performance. One student from a secondary school in Kampala stated, “When it’s too hot, I can’t focus. I feel tired and restless, and I just want to go home.” this is reality of what young people are facing.
Additionally, as a teacher and many other teachers observed that students exhibited increased irritability and emotional instability during heat waves. A teacher from a school in Jinja noted,
On particularly hot days, I notice that students are more prone to arguments and conflicts. It’s as if the heat brings out more frustration in them.
The mental health implications of heat waves extend beyond the classroom. Students also reported experiencing sleep disturbances due to uncomfortable nighttime temperatures, which further exacerbate feelings of fatigue and anxiety. The World Health Organization emphasizes that sleep deprivation can lead to a range of mental health issues, including depression (World Health Organization, 2019).
My findings from this case study analysis underscore the urgent need for collective action to address the environmental crisis in Uganda. We at Laudato Youth Initiative among our many other activities are planning to declare April and environmental month. As you may know and I have written several articles explaining that Mental health is intrinsically linked to the environment, and as climate change continues to escalate, the psychological well-being of students will be increasingly threatened.
To combat these challenges, it is essential to promote policies and actions that foster ecological balance and sustainability. Educational institutions must work collaboratively with government bodies, NGOs, and community organizations to implement climate resilience strategies. Initiatives could include creating awareness programs about mental health and climate change, establishing green spaces in schools, and encouraging sustainable practices among students.
Furthermore, the promotion of mental health resources and support systems within schools can help mitigate the adverse effects of heat waves. Training teachers to recognize and address mental health issues related to climate stress can foster a supportive environment for students.
I should tell you dear reader that the effects of heat waves on mental health are a pressing concern that requires (my and your) immediate attention. As Uganda faces the challenges of climate change, it is crucial for schools, communities, and policymakers to recognize the interconnectedness of environmental issues and mental health. By reaffirming our commitment to environmental and climate change advocacy, we can work together to create a sustainable future for our students and ensure that their mental well-being is safeguarded amidst the rising temperatures.
The reality is by addressing the mental health impacts of heat waves and advocating for climate resilience, we can create a healthier, more sustainable environment for future generations as we say at Laudato Youth United for Climate Action! Hear what this Laudato Youth has to say
Bibliography
1. Gonzalez, A., & et al. (2018). “The Psychological Effects of Heat: A Review of the Evidence.” Journal of Environmental Psychology, vol. 56, pp. 1-10.
2. Uganda National Meteorological Authority. (2020). “Climate Change and Variability in Uganda: An Overview.” Retrieved from UNMA website (https://www.unma.go.ug).
3. World Health Organization. (2019). “Mental Health and Climate Change: A Global Perspective.” Retrieved from WHO website (https://www.who.int).
Immaculate Kisembo
Teacher of English Language at HCLV and
Publications Editor at Laudato Youth Initiative
